[98] Andrew Lortie (born Andr Lortie), a leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass. The Weavers, a half-timbered house by the river, was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830. . Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jess de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including Nova Scotia. Most French Huguenots were either unable or unwilling to emigrate to avoid forced conversion to Roman Catholicism. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. Long after the sect was suppressed by Francis I, the remaining French Waldensians, then mostly in the Luberon region, sought to join Farel, Calvin and the Reformation, and Olivtan published a French Bible for them. The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power. [16], Huguenots controlled sizeable areas in southern and western France. Although relatively large portions of the peasant population became Reformed there, the people, altogether, still remained majority Catholic.[16][19]. Skip Ancestry navigation Main Menu Home The ties between Huguenots and the Dutch Republic's military and political leadership, the House of Orange-Nassau, which existed since the early days of the Dutch Revolt, helped support the many early settlements of Huguenots in the Dutch Republic's colonies. Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, Cronje (Cronier), de Klerk (Le Clercq), de Villiers, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du Toit, Duvenhage (Du Vinage), Franck, Fouch, Fourie (Fleurit), Gervais, Giliomee (Guilliaume), Gous/Gouws (Gauch), Hugo, Jordaan (Jourdan), Joubert, Kriek, Labuschagne (la Buscagne), le Roux, Lombard, Malan, Malherbe, Marais, Maree, Minnaar (Mesnard), Nel (Nell), Naud, Nortj (Nortier), Pienaar (Pinard), Retief (Retif), Roux, Rossouw (Rousseau), Taljaard (Taillard), TerBlanche, Theron, Viljoen (Vilion) and Visagie (Visage). Konstanze Dahn (real name Constanze Le Gaye) (1814-1894), German actress. Family name was not found in records of the Huguenot Society several years ago, and little follow-up has been made since then, hence my interest in participating in this project. They founded the silk industry in England. In addition, a dense network of Protestant villages permeated the rural mountainous region of the Cevennes. [35] The height of this persecution was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August, 1572, when 5,000 to 30,000 were killed, although there were also underlying political reasons for this as well, as some of the Huguenots were nobles trying to establish separate centres of power in southern France. (It has been adapted as a restaurantsee illustration above. Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use, and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there. [78] Howard Hughes, famed investor, pilot, film director, and philanthropist, was also of Huguenot descent and descendant from Rev. The French protestants, on the other hand, who had fled because of . The Huguenots of Guanabara, as they are now known, produced what is known as the Guanabara Confession of Faith to explain their beliefs. By the time of his death in 1774, Calvinism had been nearly eliminated from France. [81] In colonial New York city they switched from French to English or Dutch by 1730.[82]. [31] William Farel was a student of Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the Swiss Reformation, establishing a Protestant republican government in Geneva. It includes links to books and societies that can help you find your ancestral name in France prior to the French Revolution, and it focuses on Protestant aristocratic families. [16] During the same period there were some 1,400 Reformed churches operating in France. Persecution diminished the number of Huguenots who remained in France. By 1687 Huguenots made up about 20 percent of the population of Berlin, making Berlin seem almost as much a French town as a German one. Most of these Frenchmen were Huguenots who had fled from the religious persecutions in France, and, after a sojourn in Holland, had sought a field of greater opportunity in the New World. Augeron Mickal, Didier Poton et Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, dir.. Augeron Mickal, John de Bry, Annick Notter, dir., This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02. This group of Huguenots from southern France had frequent issues with the strict Calvinist tenets that are outlined in many of John Calvin's letters to the synods of the Languedoc. An estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England, about 10,000 of whom moved on to Ireland around the 1690s. By the time Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Huguenots accounted for 800,000 to 1million people. In relative terms, this could be the largest wave of immigration of a single community into Britain ever. Huguenot rebellions in the 1620s resulted in the abolition of their political and military privileges. The persecution and the flight of the Huguenots greatly damaged the reputation of Louis XIV abroad, particularly in England. Are you a descendant of a Huguenot Family? [25][26], The first known translation of the Bible into one of France's regional languages, Arpitan or Franco-Provenal, had been prepared by the 12th-century pre-Protestant reformer Peter Waldo (Pierre de Vaux). Louis XIV claimed that the French Huguenot population was reduced from about 900,000 or 800,000 adherents to just 1,000 or 1,500. VanRuymbeke, Bertrand and Sparks, Randy J., eds. With the precedent of a historical alliancethe Auld Alliancebetween Scotland and France; Huguenots were mostly welcomed to, and found refuge in the nation from around the year 1700. [29], Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre (c. 14551536). By the end of the sixteenth century, Huguenots constituted 7-8% of the whole population, or 1.2million people. Page 168. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots and costly for France. In the Dutch-speaking North of France, Bible students who gathered in each other's houses to study secretly were called Huis Genooten ("housemates") while on the Swiss and German borders they were termed Eid Genossen, or "oath fellows", that is, persons bound to each other by an oath. [58], After this, the Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000[5]) fled to Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussiawhose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country. The Huguenots (/hjunts/ HEW-g-nots, also UK: /-noz/ -nohz, French:[y()no]) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. ", Mark Greengrass, "Protestant exiles and their assimilation in early modern England. [74] Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbour at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighbourhood now known as Bushwick. In 1685, he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, revoking the Edict of Nantes and declaring Protestantism illegal. . [citation needed] Surveys suggest that Protestantism has grown in recent years, though this is due primarily to the expansion of evangelical Protestant churches which particularly have adherents among immigrant groups that are generally considered distinct from the French Huguenot population. Rhetoric like this became fiercer as events unfolded, and eventually stirred up a reaction in the Catholic establishment. As the Huguenots gained influence and displayed their faith more openly, Roman Catholic hostility towards them grew, even though the French crown offered increasingly liberal political concessions and edicts of toleration. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot. [79], The Huguenots originally spoke French on their arrival in the American colonies, but after two or three generations, they had switched to English. After centuries, most Huguenots have assimilated into the various societies and cultures where they settled. Page 363. The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France. Typically the Annual French Service takes place on the first or second Sunday after Easter in commemoration of the signing of the Edict of Nantes. Some Huguenot immigrants settled in central and eastern Pennsylvania. While many family histories are given at length . [citation needed] Some of these immigrants moved to Norwich, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. In Geneva, Hugues, though Catholic, was a leader of the "Confederate Party", so called because it favoured independence from the Duke of Savoy. It was named New Rochelle after La Rochelle, their former strong-hold in France. The British government ignored the complaints made by local craftsmen about the favouritism shown to foreigners. While most of the settlers in Volga (and later Black Sea) villages were German, there were also settlers from other European countries. As a result Protestants are still a religious minority in Quebec today. The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city. Instead of being in Purgatory after death, according to Catholic doctrine, they came back to harm the living at night. [citation needed], In the early 21st century, there were approximately one million Protestants in France, representing some 2% of its population. His successor Louis XIII, under the regency of his Italian Catholic mother Marie de' Medici, was more intolerant of Protestantism. These surnames are most common in South Africa due to the immigration of the French Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th century. The exodus brought new crafts and practices to the host nations and represented a substantial loss to the former nation states. On the day we visited, it was staffed by two ladies who were residents of the French Hospital. Historians estimate that roughly 80% of all Huguenots lived in the western and southern areas of France. It was still illegal, and, although the law was seldom enforced, it could be a threat or a nuisance to Protestants. The collection includes family histories, a library, and a picture archive. German who had married an American girl, the daughter of a man from Avignon and a woman of Franche Comt6. [citation needed], In World War II, Huguenots led by Andr Trocm in the village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in Cvennes helped save many Jews. Baird, Charles W. "History of the Huguenot Emigration to America." Today I'm compiling a book titled, A JOURNEY THROUGH TIME: The changing fortunes of the Petit Family. Although 19th-century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry,[101][102] this is contentious. In France, Calvinists in the United Protestant Church of France and also some in the Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine consider themselves Huguenots. The English authorities welcomed the French refugees, providing money from both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. He was a pastor. The Count supported mercantilism and welcomed technically skilled immigrants into his lands, regardless of their religion. French Huguenots made two attempts to establish a haven in North America. [66], A diaspora of French Australians still considers itself Huguenot, even after centuries of exile. Hello. [100] In Wandsworth, their gardening skills benefited the Battersea market gardens. The Huguenot population of France dropped to 856,000 by the mid-1660s, of which a plurality lived in rural areas. They settled at the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and New Netherland in North America. The battle between Huguenots and Catholics in France also . The term may have been a combined reference to the Swiss politician Besanon Hugues (died 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism in his time. Two years later, with the Revolutionary Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789, Protestants gained equal rights as citizens. Most came from northern France (Brittany, Normandy, and Picardy, as well as West Flanders (subsequently French Flanders), which had been annexed from the Southern Netherlands by Louis XIV in 1668-78[83]). They also settled elsewhere in Kent, particularly Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstonetowns in which there used to be refugee churches. [16][17], The new teaching of John Calvin attracted sizeable portions of the nobility and urban bourgeoisie. The Huguenot Society of America has headquarters in New York City and has a broad national membership. [citation needed] In 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants, followed by the whole Dutch Republic in 1715. [88][89][90] Many others went to the American colonies, especially South Carolina. [42][43], The French Wars of Religion began with the Massacre of Vassy on 1 March 1562, when dozens[8] (some sources say hundreds[44]) of Huguenots were killed, and about 200 were wounded. Many families, today, mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. Reply. [59], By the 1760s Protestantism was no longer a favourite religion of the elite. Raymond P. Hylton, "Dublin's Huguenot Community: Trials, Development, and Triumph, 16621701". On that day, soldiers and organized mobs fell upon the Huguenots, and thousands of them were slaughtered. ", Lien Bich Luu, "French-speaking refugees and the foundation of the London silk industry in the 16th century. A small wooden church was first erected in the community, followed by a second church that was built of stone. [16] This is true for many areas in the west and south controlled by the Huguenot nobility. Prince Louis de Cond, along with his sons Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrcken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604. Services are still held there in French according to the Reformed tradition every Sunday at 3pm. [63] It states in article 3: "This application does not, however, affect the validity of past acts by the person or rights acquired by third parties on the basis of previous laws. The community and its congregation remain active to this day, with descendants of many of the founding families still living in the region. . [28] They were suppressed by Francis I in 1545 in the Massacre of Mrindol. The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 12 . [71] But with assimilation, within three generations the Huguenots had generally adopted Dutch as their first and home language. Most Cordes families in the United States come from Germany but many of them have family histories that claim French or Spanish origins. [32], Although usually Huguenots are lumped into one group, there were actually two types of Huguenots that emerged. and. The Huguenots did not enslave people in France or Germany, but they soon took up the practice in their new homeland. When in 1808 a law signed by Napoleon forced all French Jews to take hereditary surnames, local Jews retained the family names they used for many centuries such as Crmieu (x), Milhaud, Monteux . The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century. [107][108][109][110][111] Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite War in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin. The kingdom did not fully recover for years. John Gano. History: As a name of Swiss German origin (see 1 above) the surname Martin is very common among the American Mennonites. The Catholic Church in France and many of its members opposed the Huguenots. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society. Of course, the Huguenots were not the only refugee group who came to Ireland in the past. [116] John Arnold Fleming wrote extensively of the French Protestant group's impact on the nation in his 1953 Huguenot Influence in Scotland,[117] while sociologist Abraham Lavender, who has explored how the ethnic group transformed over generations "from Mediterranean Catholics to White Anglo-Saxon Protestants", has analyzed how Huguenot adherence to Calvinist customs helped facilitate compatibility with the Scottish people.[118]. Calvinists lived primarily in the Midi; about 200,000 Lutherans accompanied by some Calvinists lived in the newly acquired Alsace, where the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia effectively protected them. huguenot surnames in germany. [16], Among the nobles, Calvinism peaked on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. By 1692, a total of 201 French Huguenots had settled at the Cape of Good Hope. This Table contains the names of Huguenot families Naturalized [69] in Great Britain and Ireland; commencing A.D., 1681, in the reign of King Charles II., and ending in 1712, in the reign of Queen Anne. At first he sent missionaries, backed by a fund to financially reward converts to Roman Catholicism. The surname Cordes is most commonly associated with Germany, Belgium, France and Spain. During this time, their opponents first dubbed the Protestants Huguenots; but they called themselves reforms, or "Reformed". Others still argue that the terms didn't originate from derogatory roots at all, with some of the Protestant faction claiming the opposite, that the Huguenots were named out of loyalty to the line of Hugues Capet, a medieval ancestor of the King who ruled six centuries before. Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. Some Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain during the first years of the Dutch Revolt (15681609). Overall, Huguenot presence was heavily concentrated in the western and southern portions of the French kingdom, as nobles there secured practise of the new faith. Soon, they became enraged with the Dutch trading tactics, and drove out the settlers. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the Appalachian Mountains into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. In Bad Karlshafen, Hessen, Germany is the Huguenot Museum and Huguenot archive. [65] Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cvennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day. If you would like any more information, please email admin@huguenotmuseum.org or call on 01634 789 347. By 1600, it had declined to 78%,[citation needed] and was reduced further late in the century after the return of persecution under Louis XIV, who instituted the dragonnades to forcibly convert Protestants, and then finally revoked all Protestant rights in his Edict of Fontainebleau of 1685. Huguenots lived on the Atlantic coast in La Rochelle, and also spread across provinces of Normandy and Poitou. Many researchers are challenged by the following list of obstacles, including: Early Notables of the France family (pre 1700) More information is included under the topic Early France Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.. France Ranking. One of the more notable Huguenot descendants in Ireland was Sen Lemass (18991971), who was appointed as Taoiseach, serving from 1959 until 1966. The Prinsenhof is one of the 14 active Walloon churches of the Dutch Reformed Church (now of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands). Other evidence of the Walloons and Huguenots in Canterbury includes a block of houses in Turnagain Lane, where weavers' windows survive on the top floor, as many Huguenots worked as weavers. The Hubert family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. Two years later, with the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789, Protestants gained equal rights as citizens.[4]. Several French Protestant churches are descended from or tied to the Huguenots, including: Criticism and conflict with the Catholic Church, Right of return to France in the 19th and 20th centuries, The Huguenot Population of France, 1600-1685: The Demographic Fate and Customs of a Religious Minority by Philip Benedict; American Philosophical Society, 1991 - 164, The Huguenots: Or, Reformed French Church. A number of French Huguenots settled in Wales, in the upper Rhymney valley of the current Caerphilly County Borough. During the second wave, before and after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, refugees came mostly from the Dauphin, Cvennes and Languedoc regions; the major route of exodus was the passage from Lake Geneva to the Rhine River. It moved to Rochester in 1959, and now provides sheltered homes for fifty-five residents. John Calvin was a Frenchman and himself largely responsible for the introduction and spread of the Reformed tradition in France. [citation needed], These tensions spurred eight civil wars, interrupted by periods of relative calm, between 1562 and 1598. The most detailed account that Historic Huguenot Street has of an enslaved person's life in the area comes from the early 19th century, from the famed abolitionist Sojourner Truth, who was born into slavery in Ulster County. These included Languedoc-Roussillon, Gascony and even a strip of land that stretched into the Dauphin. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598, when Henry of Navarre, having succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism in order to obtain the French crown, issued the Edict of Nantes. They are Franschhoek in the Cape Province of South Africa, Portarlington in the Republic of Ireland, and Bad Karlshafen in Hesse, Germany. Jeter French (Huguenot), German Jeter is a French and German surname. The WikiTree Huguenot Migration Project defines "Huguenot" to include any French-speaking Protestants (whatever branch or denomination) that left (emigrated from) their homeland (France or borderlands such as Provence, Navarre or the Spanish-Netherlands - today's Belgium) due to religious persecution or intolerance. 1609 Group of Flemish Huguenots settled in Canongate, Scotland. Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s. oo-geh-noh) or Protestants. English (of French Huguenot origin): Anglicized form of French Le Groux (see Groux) or Le Greux. And lastly, many surnames common in the larger cities of South Holland were the Dutch versions of French and German surnames. What is clear is that the surname, Jaques, is a Huguenot name. [41], In 1561, the Edict of Orlans declared an end to the persecution, and the Edict of Saint-Germain of January 1562 formally recognised the Huguenots for the first time. In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the King William III of England had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County. Gaspard de Coligny was among the first to fall at the hands of a servant of the Duke de . During the eighteen months of the reign of Francis II, Mary encouraged a policy of rounding up French Huguenots on charges of heresy and putting them in front of Catholic judges, and employing torture and burning as punishments for dissenters. Prior to its establishment, Huguenots used the Cabbage Garden near the cathedral. McClain, Molly. [citation needed] The greatest concentrations of Huguenots at this time resided in the regions of Guienne, Saintonge-Aunis-Angoumois and Poitou. See my info below about how to contact Alsace-Lorraine, the two provinces where many Huguenots once lived. It sought an alliance between the city-state of Geneva and the Swiss Confederation. Another 4,000 Huguenots settled in the German territories of Baden, Franconia (Principality of Bayreuth, Principality of Ansbach), Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Duchy of Wrttemberg, in the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts, in the Palatinate and Palatine Zweibrcken, in the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland; and 1,500 found refuge in Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony.