Execution of Stutthof concentration camp overseers at Biskupia Grka. Koryski told the court it "was no secret" that people were being killed in the camp's gas chamberbefore being burned, because of the smell that spread through the barracks. About 3,700 out of the 55,000 guards in the camps were women. Of the 55,000 guards who worked in the Third Reichs concentration camps, 3,700 were women, many of who were volunteers. Your email address will not be published. Stutthof was the first Nazi concentration camp to be established on Polish soil, and the last to be dissolved, it grew from 4 to 120 hectares, from 250 prisoners to a maximum of 52,000 prisoners at one time, the SS staff and guards numbered 1,056 on 1 January 1945. Camp doctors also killed sick or injured prisoners in the infirmary with lethal injections. She kicked me so hard that I fell. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. An additional trial was attempted in November 2018, when Johann Rehbogen was accused of being an accessory to murder. Sign up here. At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. As I was lying on the ground she kept kicking. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. [14] In July 2020, he was convicted of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder by the Hamburg state court, and was also convicted of one count of accessory to attempted murder. Numbers []. The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." you are right, they should have been soaked in gasoline and torched right before they were hanged. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. She committed suicide in 1967. Braunstein was sentenced to three years in jail by a British court in 1958 and emigrated to the US, where she married a construction worker. All were found guilty and eleven were sentenced to death, including the Commandant Johann Pauls. Last modified on Tue 6 Nov 2018 18.34 EST. A group of thirteen ex-officials of the Stutthof concentration camp were arraigned before a Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court at Gdansk, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS guards and workers inside of the camps. What's the least amount of exercise we can get away with? More than 6,000 camp guards and personnel were trained there before being sent out to work at other camps. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed. This days condemned camp commandant Johann Pauls, five male kapos, and five female guards were the product of the first of four Stutthof trials held in 1946-1947. Historydefined.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, Copyright 2023 History Defined | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. Herta Bothe was a Nazi concentration camp guard at Ravensbrck-stutthof and Bergen-Belsen. How healthy are India's 1.4 billion people? In 2017, the prosecution of two former Stutthof camp guards from Borken and Wuppertal commenced. The well known Nuremberg Trials were only concerned with concentration camps as evidence for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Third Reich leadership. As a Jewish boy from Germany, the young Goldberg had already been deported to Latvia before being sent to Stutthof for slave labour. Located 22 miles east of Danzig, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp in January 1942. [11] In December 2018, the trial was suspended, since the convict had to be hospitalized for serious heart and kidney problems. During the Holocaust, the Aufseherinnen were the female guards in the concentration camps. Eleven defendants including the former commander, Johann Pauls, were sentenced to death. [9] The Wuppertal accused denied the allegations and declared that he was not present during the killings, and did not notice anything about it. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. [35][36], Another Nazi camp guard, Bruno Dey, from Hamburg was charged in October 2019 of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. 1570: Aonio Paleario, Italian religious reformer 1947: Ding Mocun, not as hot a lay in real life. Stutthof. "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. Many drowned along the way. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. (17.10.2019). Austrian Maria Mandl was one of the most notorious SS officers at Auschwitz, where she personally sent over 500,000 female prisoners to the gas chamber. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulf aircraft factory was constructed at Stutthof. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. He was executed by long-drop hanging by Albert Pierrepoint in Hamelin Prison on October 8, 1946. [40] On 20 December 2022 Furchner, then 97, was convicted of being an accessory to murder of more than 10,000 people at Stutthof concentration camp during World War II. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a network of forced-labor camps. Ackermann, who delivered the lamp, said that its base was made from a human foot and shinbone and the shade had tattoos and even nipples. The Executions of Nazi Stutthof camp SS female guards and kapos by former camp prisoners ThePastQuest 96K views 7 months ago Execution of Maria Masha Bruskina by nazi publicly hanging at. Known, chillingly, as the woman with the dogs, Juana Bormann used trained dogs in sadistic attacks on inmates at Ravensbruck and later Auschwitz, where she served under Irma Grese. The Stutthof concentration camp, like every Nazi concentration camp, was an institution for torturing, humiliating and murdering people, a death machine. "I was told by the museum that the Nazis laid explosives around the buildings and set them on a timer to explode after they had evacuated, but the timer malfunctioned. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. Your email address will not be published. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. He remembers searching for his mother, who had been in the women's camp at Stutthof, when he came across his friend Zigi. She was recorded to have been 6ft 3 and known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her merciless beatings of female prisoners. A report by the Seventh Army, written by Lieutenant Colonel Walter J. Fellenz, mentions a total of 17 guards killed. Dey was sentenced to two years in prison. Stutthof was a concentration camp in an isolated, marshy, and forested region near the village of Stutthof east of Danzig. Survivors testified that she seemed to derive sexual pleasure from her sadistic acts. Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at the Stutthof concentration camp near what is now . Former farmworker Irma Grese had wanted to become a nurse but, at 17, the labour exchange sent her to work at Ravensbrck concentration camp - which held 132,000 women throughout the war. [23] The corpses used for this were not made from "harvested" bodies, and the byproduct of Spanner's work at the Danzig institute was collected. Wegerer told the trial that in 1941, a lampshade made of tanned, tattooed human skin was being prepared for Koch and that she arrived at the infirmary to choose among the available tanned, parchment-thin human skins, the ones with suitable tattoos, for the lampshade.. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. The sub-camps of Stutthof included:[30][31][32], The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system began on 25 January 1945. Headsman, you ought to investigate this nutter above who is issuing death threats on your site. This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. [19][28] It was also added that Spanner was arrested twice after the war but released after each time after explaining how he had conducted the maceration and injection process of his models and was declared "clean" by the denazification program in 1948, officially exonerated, and resumed his academic career. [citation needed], Conditions in the camp were extremely harsh;[16] tens of thousands of prisoners succumbed to starvation and disease. Although young, he remembers becoming part of an indispensable group of 300 prisoners who spent a year repairing railway tracks at junctions blown up by Allied forces. Dave, Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. She also beat her on the face and head with her fists, and when the woman fell to the ground she trampled on her. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. She earned a horrific legacy and nickname despite only working for a year. The Germans used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. 1939). It has been estimated that over 25,000 prisoners, one in two, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. 1939: 250 Polish citizens and P.O.W. The Best Medical History Books Everyone Should Rea, The Lovers of Valdaro A Double Burial From Neolithic Italy. [2][5], The last two trials in Poland concerning two Stutthof concentration camp officials took place four years apart. Among 110,000 prisoners were Jews from all of Europe, members of the Polish underground, Polish civilians deported from Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising, Lithuanian and Latvian intelligentsia, Latvian resistance fighters, psychiatric patients, Soviet prisoners of war,[3] and communists (as an example of communist deportations to Stutthof, see the Danish Horserd camp). The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. I met her in the field and did not manage to get out of her way in time. They were publicly hanged before a large crowd, estimated at several thousand, at 5.00 p.m. on July 4th, 1946 at Biskupia Gorka hill near Danzig. Any woman, even without work experience, could become a concentration camp guard. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. The land was very wet, almost at sea level. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malmo, Sweden, and released to the care of that neutral country. From Gdask bus station, board the number 870 bus marked either 'Sztutowo' or 'Krynica Morska' from Platform 2 (Note that the service varies on . Many prisoners worked in SS-owned businesses such as DAW (Deutsche Ausrstungswerke, literally the 'German Equipment Works'), the heavily guarded armaments factory located inside the camp next to prisoner barracks. Procesy", "KARA MIERCI W GDASKU 19451987 Encyklopedia Gdaska". If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. Often described as one of historys cruellest women, Elizabeth Volkenrath selected thousands of women and children to be sent to the gas chambers. In mid-1950s, a number of Nazi concentration camp commandants were sentenced to jail for supervising the murder of Jewish prisoners in gas chambers between 19421944, including Otto Knott[pl], Otto Haupt[pl] and Bernard Ldtke[pl]. Prosecutors say he was a "cog" in Nazi Germany's "murderous machinery." [7], In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since the camp was completely encircled by Soviet forces. [13] Other sources say that the camp staff shot most remaining inmates in a mass murder. She was sentenced to death, alongside Bormann and Grese, after being found guilty of crimes against humanity. [12] On February 25, 2019, it was announced that the trial is unlikely to be restarted due to the poor health conditions of the defendant. In perhaps the last ever Nazi war crimes trial, Irmgard Furchner attended court in Germany for more than a year as prosecutors outlined their case against her. All opinions and comments and dialogue should discuss the video above in a historical manner.TheUntoldPast does not accept any racism, profanity, insults, sexism or any negative discussion aimed at an individual. [33] Being tried at the age of 94, court proceedings were limited to no more than two hours per day and two non-consecutive days per week. Many prisoners died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944. Campo de Concentracion Stutthof, Polonia (Concentration Camp Stutthof, Poland). Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. A practice was established to tattoo the inmates with identification numbers. It is totally illegal, hanging has to be done in a certain way and this was certainly not. Former Stutthof prisoners volunteered to serve as executioners for the public hanging on July 4, 1946. She kicked the prisoners and literally walked over people. Frankly, a nice sight. Its unknown why she would voluntarily seek work at a concentration camp so late in the war, but it was likely due to some misplaced sense of nationalism. Detainees had to walk the long distance towards Germany as the Nazi Eastern Front crumbled. These were Johann Pauls, SS-Aufseherins Jenny Wanda Barkmann, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, Ewa Paradies, Gerda Steinhoff. Twenty-seven ex-officials and guards were arraigned and judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born on May 30, 1922, in Hamburg. Read more:Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. Thousands were taken to the Baltic Sea where they were executed, and many more were killed by the brutal SS guards and officers. Conditions in the camp were brutal. [23][22], Polish historians and employees at the IPN; Monika Tomkiewicz and Piotr Semkw, reached similar conclusions. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the overwhelming majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. She is accused of having assisted those responsible at the camp in the systematic killing of Jewish prisoners, Polish partisans and Soviet Russian prisoners of war between June 1943 and April 1945. (In Czech) In September 1939, the Nazis created the concentration camp of Stutthof (Sztutowo) in a wooded area near the Baltic port of Gdansk. Read about our approach to external linking. She then ordered her dog, known as the big, bad, wolfhound to attack the sick girl, who was sitting on the ground, She later died from the bites. Barkmann was sentenced to hang, along with ten other defendants. It was also surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fence and contained thirty new barracks, raising the total area to 1.2 square kilometres (0.46sqmi). About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. [39] On 28 September 2021, Frau Furchner left her home in Hamburg and failed to show for her hearing, she was captured on 30 September 2021 and the hearing was rescheduled for 19 October 2021. More than 60,000 people died in the camp. Apprehended after the war, she was sentenced and publicly hanged in Gdansk. SVIZZERA-LOTTO www. At the Auschwitz trial in Krakow, in 1947, Mandl was declared a war criminal and was executed by hanging on Jan. 24, 1948. Here we look at the horrendous role these guards - known as Aufseherins, or female overseers - played during the War. You excuses for human beings are no better than you accuse the National Socialists of being. When Jenny Barkmann arrived in 1944, she quickly proved herself to be a perfect Nazi guard. Female guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp at a Gdask war trial held before the Special Law Court between 25th April and 31st May of 1946, Poland. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. [17] Between 63,000 and 65,000 people died in the camp. This blog has been around for a while. After evading capture for a few months, she was recognized and arrested in May 1945. The number of inmates increased considerably in 1944, with Jews forming a significant proportion of the newcomers. Berlin CNN A 96-year-old man accused of being an SS guard at the Stutthof camp in Nazi-occupied Poland has been deemed "unfit to stand trial." The man, named only as "Harry S.," is. SS-Aufseherin Elisabeth Becker - death by hanging 4. A former SS guard at a concentration camp, charged with aiding and abetting hundreds of murders, is standing trial in Mnster's district court. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. The first prisoners arrived in the camp on September 2nd. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. [7], In 1942 the first German female SS Aufseherinnen guards arrived at Stutthof along with female prisoners. On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. A 99-year-old who was being investigated on suspicion of complicity in murder as a former Nazi camp guard has died, ending the case against him, German prosecutors said Tuesday. We will rise again and we will destroy ALL of you scum who revel in this disgusting obscene filth. [3], The camp was established in connection with the ethnic cleansing project that included the liquidation of Polish elites (members of the intelligentsia, religious and political leaders) in the Danzig area and Western Prussia.[1]. Go and do the same, you BNP piece of sh-t. You are fucking FILTH! Another prisoner said Bormann grabbed another female prisoner by the hair, threw her to the ground and ordered dogs to bite her so severely that she was a mass of blood. The woman died at the scene. [17][3] Prisoners were also drowned in mud or clubbed to death. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. How does climate change affect El Nino and La Nina cycles? She was known for whipping prisoners with her riding crop as she rode past and, according to some accounts, forcing them to have sex with her. An Israeli witness who survived the Nazi death camp at Stutthof has described how SS guards staged sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners. Barkmann, Paradies, Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff (left to right) executed Jenny-Wanda Barkmann (c.1922 - July 4, 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp guard. PoznaGniezno 2011, page 131 . Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; nineteen were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Conditions in the camp were brutal and prisoners were used as forced laborers. 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It was turned into a concentration camp by its second commandant, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Josef Kramer, and was used to house those prisoners who had become too weak to work as forced labour in German factories. Poland held four trials in Gdask against former guards and kapos of Stutthof, charging them with crimes of war and crimes against humanity. Set up immediately upon Germany's September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. It comprised eight barracks for the inmates and a "Kommandantur" for the SS guards, totaling 120,000 square metres (1,300,000sqft). The first contingent of 2,500 Jewish prisoners arrived from Auschwitz in July 1944. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. At the time of her hanging, Barkmann was 25 years old. Countless prisoners who were left too weak to work were simply murdered. [3] The inmate population rose to 6,000 in the following two weeks, on 15 September 1939. The trial lasted from March 18, 1946 to May 13, 1946. [11], Several Norwegian Waffen SS volunteers worked as guards or as instructors for prisoners from Nordic countries, according to senior researcher at the Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities, Terje Emberland. [1] Another method of execution practiced in Stutthof was lethal injection of phenol. (08.08.2019), One of the last trials against an ex-concentration camp guard began Thursday in Hamburg. In 1962, the former concentration camp with its remaining structures, was turned into a memorial museum. Who is Buffalo Allina Clinic shooting suspect Gregory Ulrich and who are the victims? Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. [37] On 23 July 2020, he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. She called. [38], In July 2021, a 96-year-old German secretary, Irmgard Furchner, who had been part of KZ Stutthof was arrested to be tried for war crimes. In total, 21 women who worked in the concentration camps faced the gallows. Overseeing working parties that left the camp ln slave labour, she would attack women who became too sick or weak.